The Arduino Leonardo is a versatile microcontroller board based on the ATmega32u4, designed to provide an efficient and flexible platform for a wide range of projects. Unlike other Arduino boards, the Leonardo can handle USB communication directly, enabling it to emulate a keyboard or mouse when connected to a computer. This feature makes it ideal for creating custom USB devices, interactive projects, and prototyping. With its compact size and robust capabilities, the Arduino Leonardo is a perfect choice for both beginners and experienced developers.