To test, replace, or program an NTC thermistor, you need to understand its four primary data metrics:Base Resistance (R25): The sensor's rated value measured exactly at 25°C (77°F). Common standard values include 10kΩ, 50kΩ, or 100kΩ.Beta Value (β or B-constant): A material-specific number (typically between 3000K and 4500K) that dictates the steepness of the resistance curve between two target temperatures (usually 25°C and 85°C).Tolerance: The precision rating of the sensor, usually expressed as ±1% or ±5%. "High-grade" variants typically feature a tight ±1% variance.Operating Range: The physical thermal limits of the materials, generally spanning from -40°C to +125°C for standard PVC/epoxy cables, or up to +300°C for glass-encapsulated versions.